Il volume è frutto di un importante progetto editoriale che, per i suoi contenuti e per i suoi contributi, rappresenta l’opera omnia dell’arte romanica e pre-romanica in Molise. Il libro è infatti il risultato di ricerche e studi decennali che un team di docenti e ricercatori delle più importanti Università italiane ha svolto sui monumenti e sulle chiese del Molise in un arco temporale che va dal IV al XIII secolo d.C., ed è curato dal prof. Federico Marazzi, ben noto archeologo, docente di Archeologia medioevale e cristiana all’Università Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli nonché, da quasi trenta anni, Direttore degli Scavi del sito monastico medievale di San Vincenzo al Volturno. Ai contenuti di rilevante ed inedito spessore si affianca un dovizioso corredo fotografico selettivamente realizzato dalla nostra casa editrice con il supporto e la collaborazione delle diocesi molisane
The ceramic assemblage described in this paper, coming from the Conelle di Arcevia Copper Age ditch, can be divided into four phases. This substantial assemblage (almost 10,000 diagnostic items) allowed us to undertake quantitative analysis. A first step in creating a database is to define the underlying criteria: it is a truism to say that the selected parameters condition the results of the analysis. It seemed to us impracticable to elaborate an automatic classification being able to take into consideration the recognition of the patterns socially accepted by a specific human group. At risk of a higher degree of subjectivity, we choose to create an intuitive typology concerning shapes, decorative techniques and motifs, handles and raw materials/surface treatments. We tried examining the behaviour of each feature and their association, aiming to understand the synchronic and diachronic levels of variability in the ceramic production; moreover our purpose was to discern the international/ stochastic value of each association of features by simple statistical techniques.
Ceramigraph is an electronic and mechanical system designed to draw pottery through automatic processing and therefore excluding the problems of manual drawing. The system, particularly suitable for large quantities of pieces, is composed of a high precision 3D pantograph, connected with a Personal Computer and a digital tablet. The main features of the drawings are the following: digital; vectorial; processed by software; classifiable (on the basis, for example, of the Freeman code); printable on normal or glossy paper at any scale; recordable on databases, CD rom, syquest, floppy disks, and so on (the size of vector files is very small; for example on a 1.44 floppy disk, 100 drawings can be recorded). The classification and the representation of the graphical information processed in this way are fundamental for the typological and typometric interpretations.
The article is addressed to the archaeologist, usually a “non expert” beneficiary of the innovative computer science techniques, but, at the same time, bearer of very complex requests. It proposes to give a concise and up to date view of the state of CAD software, especially as regards tridimensional graphics.
La pubblicazione dei dati inerenti la cassetta lignea ed il suo contenuto ha offerto l'occasione per inaugurare la collana "Museo delle Navi", con la quale si intende procedere all'edizione completa dei contesti relativi alle Navi di Pisa, nonché dare spazio a quegli elaborati che riguarderanno gli ambiti di studio oggetto ed interesse del Museo delle Navi Romane di Pisa. Il caso dello scavo del "bagaglio del marinaio" ci è sembrato emblematico nel rappresentare come, da informazioni estremamente microanalitiche, riguardanti un solo oggetto di vita quotidiana, si potessero ricavare considerazioni così ampie sulle abitudini di vita e sulla cultura di chi è vissuto circa 1700 anni orsono. Lo scavo di questo contesto ha inoltre contribuito, come una piccola tessera in un ben più ampio mosaico, a fornire informazioni importanti per l'interpretazione generale del deposito pisano e per lo studio del commercio fluviale di piena età imperiale. Una cassetta lignea del III secolo d.C. ed il suo contenuto, provenienti dalla Nave A rinvenuta presso il Cantiere delle navi Antiche di Pisa, sono esposti in mostra presso il Salone del Nicchio del Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Firenze. Nell'ambito della mostra sono inoltre esposte le copie degli oggetti, realizzate con sistemi di prototipazione rapida, e video multimediali che descrivono le fasi dello scavo, della documentazione e del restauro del rinvenimento
In 1996 the Istituto per l’Archeologica Etrusco-Italica of the Italian National Research Council proposed, within the Cultural Heritage Special Project, the research programme “Establishment of an Archaeological Information System model and its application to ancient Caere” (“The Caere Project”). Its purpose is to use an archaeological information system to study the ancient Etruscan town of Caere, where the Institute has been carrying out surveys and excavations since 1982, together with the Superintendence of Southern Etruria. The authors illustrate an aspect of the project, related to the computerisation of the “Vigna Parrocchiale” excavation data. In fact, an innovative procedure was followed, through the use of the Standard Generalized Markup Language in order to encode the yearly excavation diaries in hypertext format. In this way, an easily transferable HTML text illustrated with photographic and graphic information was established. This type of text, which will be immediately available on-line, has allowed us to test new kinds of queries and information retrieval, in order to diachronically investigate the successive stages of our excavation and to organise the documentation relative to different areas, until finally reaching the essential association and the subsequent analysis of finds, also through the use of a statistical approach.
La conoscenza delle Marche di epoca preromana è affidata in gran parte allo studio delle testimonianze provenienti dalle necropoli dei diversi siti della regione, abitati un tempo da popolazioni che per convenzione sono indicate col nome di Piceni.
From the nineteenth century on, archaeological research has been conducted into the vicus of Bedriacum (2nd cent. BC-5th cent. AD), a minor centre in the territory of the Latin colony of Cremona near the modern town of Calvatone (CR). Different strategies and methods were used: iGIS was conceived and developed to become an immersive, scalable and fully customizable 3D-VR system that integrates 2D data and 3D models, ranging from MySQL online databases to Virtual Reality.
The IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) open format has been developed by BuildingSMART and regularized through ISO standards. It has been implemented into a BIM (Building Information Modeling) informative system for the AEC industry (Architecture Engineering and Construction). The IFC format has changed interoperability processes concerning architectural and technical entities in a semantic way. However, because this standard open format was specifically designed for the modern AEC industry, it may not cater to the demands of cultural heritage assets. Since IFC classification is fundamental for informative systems, it should become a standard also concerning heritage assets, even if nowadays there is no regularized IFC classification for historical existing buildings. Specific cultural heritage peculiarities therefore need semantic classification based on historical asset families. For this reason, this work is based on a proposal and experimental IFC classification implemented inside an HBIM open source software (FreeCAD), whereby limitations of IFC standards can be overcome thanks to the freedom of access to libraries and codes. Moreover, this work is based on IFC objects management outside the platform for interoperability purposes.
Exchange networks created by Neolithic pastoral transhumance have been central to explaining the distant transport of obsidian since chemical analysis was first used to attribute Near Eastern artifacts to their volcanic origins in the 1960s. Since then, critical reassessments of floral, faunal, and chronological data have upended long-held interpretations regarding the emergence of food production and have demonstrated that far-traveled, nomadic pastoralists were more myth than reality, at least during the Neolithic. Despite debates regarding their proposed conveyance mechanisms, obsidian artifacts’ transport has received relatively little attention compared with zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical lines of investigation. The rise of nondestructive and portable instruments permits entire obsidian assemblages to be traced to their sources, renewing their significance in elucidating connections among early pastoral and agricultural communities. Here we share our findings about the obsidian artifacts excavated from the sites of Ali Kosh and Chagha Sefid in the southern Zagros. In the 1960s and 1970s, 28 obsidian artifacts from the sites were destructively tested, and the remainder were sorted by color. Our results emphasize a dynamic, accelerating connectivity among the Early and Late Neolithic communities. Here we propose and support an alternative model for obsidian distribution among more settled communities. In brief, diversity in the obsidian assemblage accelerated diachronically, an invisible trend in the earlier studies. Our model of increasing population densities is supported by archaeological data and computational simulations, offering insights regarding the Neolithic Demographic Transition in the Zagros, an equivalent of which is commonly thought to have occurred around the world.
This chapter focuses on new methods that can be used at the interface of science and policy for the identification of the localised domains of specialisation in science and technology. The authors explore semantic methodologies which, by analysing the textual content of science and innovation-related documents (such as policy and project descriptions, scientific publications, patents, clinical trials, and so on) go beyond classifications, allowing emergent topics and domains to be identified, as well as mapping and benchmarking the local capabilities in specific domains of interest.
This study investigated the rapid identification of ceramics via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to realize the identification of ancient ceramics from different regions. Ceramics from different regions may have large differences in their elemental composition. Thus, using LIBS technology for ceramic identification is feasible. The spectral intensities of 11 common elements, namely, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ti, Mn, Na, K, Sr, and Ba, in ceramics were selected as classification indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) combined with the back propagation (BP) neural network were used to identify ceramics. Furthermore, the effects of the PCA and KPCA data processing methods were compared. Finally, this work aimed to select a suitable method for obtaining spectral data on ceramics identified by LIBS through experiments. Results revealed that LIBS technology could aid the routine, rapid, and on-site analysis of archeological objects to rapidly identify or screen various types of objects.
IdeIdentification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of pathological conditions that affect the human skeleton. There is much that ancient skeletal remains can reveal to the modern orthopaedist, pathologist, forensic anthropologist, and radiologist about the skeletal manifestations of diseases that are rarely encountered in modern medical practice. Beautifully illustrated with over 1,100 photographs and drawings, this book provides essential text and materials on bone pathology, which will improve the diagnostic ability of those interested in human dry bone pathology. It also provides time depth to our understanding of the effect of disease on past human populations.ntification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of pathological conditio
Along the Ionian coast of southern Apulia many ancient quarries have been identified. In most cases, stone materials were extracted in ancient times from calcarenite outcrops to be used for local monuments or to be traded in the nearby Basilicata
The German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, DAI) conducts a variety of different types of field research, each with its own unique documentation requirements: excavations, surveys and architectural surveys. The resulting differences are reflected in the workflows, the recording methods and the documentation. In addition, the DAI’s international work has to comply with the guidelines of the respective heritage agencies in the host countries. iDAI.field is the system for documenting archaeological fieldwork at the DAI. From the very beginning it was developed to meet these very different requirements. The development spanned several years, major versions and associated, far-reaching technology changes. The latest iteration of the application relies exclusively on open source technologies and is published on GitHub under the Apache License 2.0 in accordance with DAI-IT’s open source policy. In order to open up the application to other interested researchers and/or developers, the focus of the last year has been the implementation of an extended configuration interface and the removal of dependencies from the DAI infrastructure. This article outlines the development history, introduces the currently available functionalities, and briefly discusses the data model, followed by an overview of the technologies used. It also describes the development into a real open source product and gives a short outlook on the future plans.
An archaeological field research database that can be used for different projects poses an advanced technical problem. It does not only have to deal with different needs of a variety of disciplines and methods like excavation and survey but also be usable for architectural or object studies. Therefore, a generic data model is required that can deal with most circumstances while also trying to maintain standardization where possible. Another requirement is the ability to support distributed work and data entry in the field even in places with no internet coverage. This creates the need for a very robust synchronization between the clients and the server. As the use of GIS is still gaining importance in archaeological fieldwork, an additional focus lies on the integration of spatial data and descriptive documentation. This paper presents iDAI.field 2, the field research documentation system currently being developed by the German Archaeological Institute. This solution will be Open Source and relies heavily on web technologies. It makes use of CouchDB/PouchDB for data storage and synchronization. The cross-platform client application is realized with the Electron and Angular frameworks using TypeScript as the main programming language. The client also provides an open interface for import and export. This allows the integration of other fieldwork software like for example QGIS, iDIG and survey2gis into the toolchain.
In this work, we introduce ICON, an ontology that models artistic interpretations of artworks’ subject matter (i.e., iconographies) and meanings (i.e., symbols, iconological aspects). Developed by conceptualizing authoritative knowledge and notions taken from Panofsky’s levels of interpretation theory, ICON ontology focuses on the granularity of interpretations. It can be used to describe an interpretation of an artwork from the pre-iconographical, icongraphical, and iconological levels. Its main classes have been aligned to ontologies that come from the domains of cultural descriptions (ArCo, CIDOC-CRM, VIR), semiotics (DOLCE), bibliometrics (CITO), and symbolism (Simulation Ontology), to grant a robust schema that can be extendable using additional classes and properties coming from these ontologies. The ontology was evaluated through competency questions that range from simple recognition on a specific level of interpretation to complex scenarios. Data written using this model was compared to state-of-the-art ontologies and schemas to both highlight the current lack of a domain-specific ontology on art interpretation and show how our work fills some of the current gaps. The ontology is openly available and compliant with FAIR principles. With our ontology, we hope to encourage digital art historians working for cultural institutions in making more detailed linked open data about the content of their artifacts, to exploit the full potential of Semantic Web in linking artworks through not only subjects and common metadata but also specific symbolic interpretations, intrinsic meanings, and the motifs through which their subjects are represented. Additionally, by basing our work on theories made by different art history scholars in the last century, we make sure that their knowledge and studies will not be lost in the transition to the digital, linked open data era.
Advances in digital technology for the graphic and textual representation of manuscripts have not, until recently, been applied to the world's oldest manuscripts, cuneiform tablets. This is due in large part both to the three-dimensional nature of cuneiform tablets and to the complexity of the cuneiform script system. The Digital Hammurabi Project and the Initiative for Cuneiform Encoding announce success in encoding Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform in Unicode while also demonstrating advances in 3D scanning and visualization of cuneiform tablets, showcased by iClay, a cross-platform, Internet-deployable, Java applet that allows for the viewing and manipulation of 2D+ images of cuneiform tablets.
La base de données ICAR (Iconographie et Archéologie pour l’Italie préromaine), créée en 2001 par N. Lubtchansky et accessible via la TGIR Huma-Num (http://icar.huma-num.fr), rassemble les scènes figurées étrusques et italiques, selon une approche comparatiste et historiographique. CAECINA a permis de poursuivre l’enrichissement de la base, tant du point de vue thématique que bibliographique, et a contribué au renouveau de son site web en collaboration avec le CeTHiS de Tours et la MSH Val-de-Loire. L’avancée des travaux est importante pour la documentation graphique moderne. En partenariat avec le Labex TransferS, l’UMR AOrOc et la Soprintendenza Archeologia Toscana, ICAR a intégré les relevés des tombes peintes étrusques réalisés par A.G. Gatti dans les années 1910 pour la Galleria di pittura etrusca in facsimile à Florence. L’étude de ce corpus a donné le coup d’envoi au programme de l’EFR Fac-Simile (2017-2021).
Scientific literature understanding benefits from visual resources, which is even more evident in the case of material cultural heritage. In recent years, journals and publishing platforms have been increasingly offering extensive access to publications via the contextual provision of visual media, such as images and 3D models. The diamond open access journal ‘Archeologia e Calcolatori’, founded in 1990, started publishing its articles in 2005 on its website and has always paid attention to giving proper value and presentation to visual contents related to publications. Indeed, it maintained an online image gallery displaying colour plates from volumes until coloured images started being embedded in the articles’ PDFs (since 2009). Then, in 2021, the journal added images and 3D models as resources together with publications and displayed them both as standalone content and in relation to articles. However, this later work did not include the previous thirty-year-long history of the journal, since it required close cooperation with authors. Thus a new dedicated web application was specifically developed to present a structured and visually appealing archive of about 4000 images. The paper illustrates this application, entitled A&C_IADI (Interactive Atlas of Digital Images).
Si pubblica qui l’edizione critica delle Croniche di Pisa di Iacopo Arrosti, collazionata sui quattro manoscritti disponibili – per la prima volta si è ricondotto a questo autore un quarto codice sinora anonimo –. La cronaca, datata 1654, registra le vicende della città dalle origini all’anno della stesura. Una prima sezione, riconducibile ad un archetipo medievale comune a gran parte dei testi cronachistici pisani dei secoli XIII e XIV, è seguita da una seconda parte in cui Iacopo Arrosti, cittadino pisano vicino ai gruppi di potere fiorentini, riferisce una serie di «cose notabili» particolarmente significative per la storia di Pisa, avvenute a partire dalla dominazione medicea e in parte vissute in prima persona dall’autore. Tra le più rilevanti si segnalano gli incendi del duomo (1595) e della chiesa di Santa Caterina (1650), le epidemie di peste (1629 e 1654), il crollo (1637) e la successiva ricostruzione del Ponte Vecchio, lo spettacolo della Luminara sulle sponde dell’Arno in onore della granduchessa Vittoria Della Rovere (1639) e infine lo scontro tra la flotta olandese e quella inglese «a vista del porto di Livorno» (1653).
The present work is a first attempt to apply some statistical methods to the study of the so-called Iberian thymiateria, coming from the archaeological site of El Cabecico del Tesoro (Verdolay, Murcia). These terracotta objects have been analyzed using four different methods of calculation, for the purpose of verifying the possible similarities and differences among them, considering the results of both statistical and traditional (iconographical) methods.
I Teatri Antichi rappresentano una delle eredità più straordinarie che le civiltà del passato ci hanno trasmesso. Straordinaria è inoltre la capillare diffusione di questa tipologia architettonica lungo tutto il ba-cino del Mediterraneo, come pure il numero di quei teatri che ancora oggi ospitano rappresentazioni e spettacoli. Negli ultimi venti anni, partendo dalla Dichiarazione di Segesta (1995) e poi con la Carta di Siracusa (2004) i Teatri Antichi sono divenuti un importante elemento nel dibattito sui Beni Culturali, stretti tra conser-vazione e utilizzo sostenibile. In questo quadro il presente volume rac-coglie i risultati delle attività di documentazione e di analisi sviluppate sui teatri di Mérida, Petra, Jerash, Carthage, Cherchell e Siracusa nel quadro del Progetto UE Ancient Theatres Enhancement for New Actual-ities (ATHENA – Programma Euromed Heritage IV), certamente uno dei risultati più rilevanti di questo contesto culturale prima che scientifico. Gli esiti che presentiamo, frutto delle elaborazioni condotte dal nostro gruppo di ricerca sulla base dei dati acquisiti nel corso di ATHENA, seb-bene vedano la luce a circa tre anni di distanza dalla conclusione del progetto si pongono in perfetta continuità con esso e in qualche misura rappresentano una prova della sua capacità di proiettarsi oltre i limiti temporali del programma di ricerca originale. Ma più di questo, il pre-sente volume intende testimoniare, una volta di più, la rilevanza delle discipline del Disegno nel processo di conoscenza degli elementi costruiti. Ancient Theatres are one of the most extraordinary legacies handed down to us by past civilizations. The fact they are spread far and wide throughout the Mediterranean Basin is quite extraordinary, as is the number of theatres in which plays and performances continue to be staged. In the past twenty years, beginning with the Declaration of Segesta (1995) and more recently the Siracusa Charter (2004), Ancient Theatres have become an important issue in the debate about Cultural Heritage that has to carefully balance strict conservation and sustainable usage. It is within this framework that the current volume presents the results of the documentation and analysis performed on the theatres of Mérida, Petra, Jerash, Carthage, Cherchell and Siracusa within the framework of the EU Project Ancient Theatres Enhancement for New Actualities (ATHENA – Euromed Heritage IV Programme), certainly one of the most relevant achievements of a context that is first cultural and then scientific. Although this book is being published three years after completion of the ATHENA project it nevertheless follows on from it, especially the data originally acquired by our research group. In actual fact, to some extent it illustrates how the shadow cast by the Project falls well beyond the temporal limits of the original research programme. But it is more than this. Once again this book highlights and emphasises the importance of Drawing disciplines as part of the process used to understand built elements.
This study aims to reconstruct the dynamics of population that characterized and conditioned the Versilia’s land, after the arrival of Romans, through a comprehensive analysis of archaeological remains, about to the period from the II century B.C. to
Il decimo volume della serie “Hierapolis di Frigia” costituisce la pubblicazione analitica di uno dei contesti architettonici più importanti della città frigia, il cosiddetto Tempio A del Santuario di Apollo, edificio connesso alle pratiche per la
This study deals with the correct storage of data concerning scientific analysis within cultural heritage. An analysis of the present situation indicates the danger of the dispersal of information. The data acquired in scientific analysis appear as signals and images. The different problems involved in both cases have been discussed. The case of the XRF spectra is presented as a detailed example of the proposed approach.
Il lavoro prende le mosse da una rassegna del tema dei residui nella stratificazione urbana. Originariamente considerati solo un elemento di disturbo nell'analisi della stratificazione, i residui sono stati considerati, in recenti studi, come una fonte di informazione utile sia agli studi ceramologici che per l'interpretazione delle sequenze stratigrafiche. La residualità è stata ad esempio impiegata per studiare i livelli di approvvigionamento ceramico ο per ipotizzare la presenza di depositi scomparsi. Sono in ogni caso indispensabili metodi di quantificazione, che vanno dalla semplice proporzione fra materiali residui e materiali in fase al calcolo di curve di residualità. Un metodo basato sulle medie ponderate viene qui proposto per una più precisa definizione della composizione cronologica dei contesti ceramici nel loro complesso. Sulla base di queste elaborazioni appare possibile l'uso della residualità per meglio caratterizzare il modo di formazione delle unità stratigrafiche. Confrontando curve cumulative di residualità è infatti possibile distinguere quei depositi la cui matrice è in larga parte proveniente da strati precedenti ridepositati (come le fosse) rispetto a quelli costituiti da sedimenti depositati per la prima volta (come i piani di vita). Un caso di studio tratto dallo scavo alle pendici settentrionali del Palatino illustra chiaramente le potenzialità di un tale approccio.
The paper focuses on cooperation between GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) and Wikimedia projects. Cultural institutions that share content, data and images of cultural heritage with free licence can make their collections accessible to a broad audience, while Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects benefit from these content as sources for the online encyclopedia. Wikimedia Italia, local chapter of the Wikimedia movement and of the OpenStreetMap Foundation, supports the partnerships with cultural institutions in different ways. The association organizes Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy, a photographic contest that invites citizens to document cultural heritage and represents an instrument to face the Italian legal restrictions on sharing images of cultural heritage. A funding program supports each year GLAMs and volunteers’ projects and a wide project, Empowering Italian GLAMs, aims at addressing all Italian museums and heritage institutions in using open tools and sharing their digital collections.
"Noi abbiamo un grande fantasma che ci perseguita da molti decenni: sull'Adriatico, nel centro dell'area adriatica. Questo fantasma sono i Piceni." Così si esprimeva, ancora nel 1975, Massimo Pallottino, lo studioso che più di ogni altro ha contribuito a rinnovare gli studi sulle creature dell'Italia preromana. Da allora, su questo popolo sono state effettuate molte illuminanti ricerche i cui risultati vengono raccolti nel presente volume.
l segno distintivo, tra i molti altri, degli anni di insegnamento di Gilda Bartoloni è stato lo sforzo, perseguito con successo, di creare una comunità: tra lei e i suoi allievi, tra i suoi allievi di diverse generazioni, tra i suoi allievi e i suoi amici e colleghi, nella convinzione che solo dal confronto e dal dialogo possano avvenire reali avanzamenti nella ricerca e nello studio. Il suo insegnamento si è ispirato ai principi di correttezza e serietà affiancati sempre da una giusta prospettiva critica nella quale ogni ipotesi e ogni interpretazione sono sempre in gioco dialettico con il dubbio e la consapevolezza di poter migliorare, con la disponibilità ad accettare proposte alternative e ad aprirsi al dibattito superando barriere di età e di scuola. Tutto questo è testimoniato dal contenuto di questo volume, che è cresciuto oltre le nostre aspettative. Tra gli autori molti sono allievi, moltissimi sono gli amici e i colleghi che entusiasticamente hanno aderito, dimostrando affetto e partecipazione per la studiosa, la compagna di avventure e la collega apprezzata e stimata. La ricchezza degli interessi di Gilda Bartoloni è riflessa nei due volumi che accolgono contributi spesso difficilmente inquadrabili in una o l’altra delle sezioni che li compongono. A questo proposito, dopo alcuni interventi su temi generali, abbiamo ritenuto di articolare il volume affrontando argomenti cari alla studiosa quali l’archeologia funeraria e le connesse questioni di genere; il rito, da lei affrontato soprattutto in rapporto al regime delle offerte e dei cicli decorativi arcaici; i sistemi insediativi e le forme dell’abitare, l’interesse per i quali è nato nell’ambito dei numerosi scavi condotti in Etruria e nel Lazio; la cultura materiale, indagata nei molteplici aspetti delle produzioni e delle cerchie artigianali, come riflesso di usi e modelli identitari delle comunità antiche; la lingua e l’epigrafia e, infine, l’interesse per la storia della storiografia, del collezionismo e della ricerca
In questo studio vengono presi in esame alcuni materiali piceni conservati presso il Museo Archeologico Nazionale delle Marche, provenienti dalla collezione del montegiorgese G.B. Compagnoni Natali, il quale, tra fine Ottocento e inizi Novecento, mise insieme una vasta raccolta archeologica di carattere essenzialmente locale. Alcuni nuclei di questa collezione passarono anche al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini”, al Museo Archeologico di Bologna e al Museo Universitario di Jena. Le ricerche di archivio hanno consentito di individuare alcuni gruppi tombali, provenienti in particolare dalle necropoli delle contrade San Savino e Ferrarini di Montegiorgio e di trarre informazioni più sicure sulla composizione dei corredi tombali montegiorgesi, generalmente conosciuti solo attraverso contesti di dubbia composizione o da materiali decontestualizzati. Nel caso del nucleo passato al Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Ancona, le vicissitudini del Museo stesso hanno reso molto difficile il recupero e l’individuazione dei materiali, che solo con l’attento lavoro di confronto tra inventari vecchi e nuovi e materiale di magazzino avviato oggi dalla Soprintendenza potrà trovare almeno un parziale riordinamento. Il nostro contributo si è avvalso della preziosissima collaborazione del personale della Soprintendenza.
To the East of Cagli, in the province of Pesaro and Urbino, in 2005 was observed for the first time many annular cropmark on the aerial photo of a flight of more than five years. In 2009, for the purposes of protection of the site, the "Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici delle Marche" entrusted to the authors the analysis of the aerial photographs, the mapping of the traces on the cartography and the direction of some early excavations. The study of the aerial photographies has allowed the discovery of a hydrographic situation more complex, partly different from the present, and also the presence of groups of annular cropmark into two other areas not far from the first identified. The excavation inside the two circles A and B, which have proved the ditches (and not the 'elf circles' or 'fairy circles' caused by mushrooms), revealed no graves that was expected, but in the first case the holes stake of a large rectangular hut with apse, dating from the early iron age and the seventh century BC, and in the second case the foundation of a square house, originally covered with coarse tiles and dated to the VI-V century BC. The complex and important settlement, to which to refer some tombs of IV century BC found in the past, was perhaps related to the place of worship evidenced by renowned votive deposit of bronzes of Coltona of Cagli.
I Romani hanno subito più o meno disastri di altri popoli antichi, pre-moderni, oppure moderni? E come hanno saputo reagire a essi? Dalla battaglia di Canne alla distruzione di Pompei, fino alla prima apparizione della peste i Romani si sono imbattuti in calamità di ogni tipo e vastità: terremoti, incendi, epidemie, carestie. Da queste prime domande la ricerca si irradia poi al tentativo di misurare il successo o il fallimento del sistema romano nel fare fronte agli eventi nefasti che sovvertivano l'ordine delle cose o si opponevano ai successi gloriosi conseguiti in precedenza da Roma. Il disastro diviene progressivamente una sorta di unità di misura concettuale che, collegandosi con i modelli sistemici creati da Jared Diamond o con la più recente interpretazione storiografica della storia di Roma condotta da Mary Beard, consente all'autore di scrivere un capitolo originale di sociologia dell'antichità. Ne emerge una visione d'insieme che mette in rilievo la flessibilità dei Romani nell'affrontare i disastri e la loro capacità di resistere ai fenomeni luttuosi più diversi: questi non rappresentavano tanto l'occasione per introdurre riforme radicali o la causa scatenante di un rapido cambiamento, quanto piuttosto l'occasione per rinsaldare la comunità dei cittadini attraverso la continuità e la resilienza. La storia di Roma, sempre più specchio e paradigma di un presente segnato dalla paura dei grandi cambiamenti climatici, politici e sociali in corso, si arricchisce con questo lavoro di un nuovo tassello del grande mosaico storiografico eretto sulla sua memoria.
Analysis of site formation processes is a field of research which can be enhanced by means of computer applications. In this paper, the authors suggest the use of image analysis applied to the study of soil micromorphology and to archaeological deposits, aimed at the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the soil components. The presence of specific devices and software allow these problems to be faced in a quick and user-friendly way, thanks to the Windows interface. The case study looks at the Uan Afuda cave in the Tadrart Acacus (Libyan Sahara), and the sediments related to the Mesolithic occupation (8900-8000 BP), which is characterised by vegetable accumulations alternating to ashes layers. The application let us weigh the specific components of the layers, from both a microscopic (soil thin sections) and macroscopic (excavated stratigraphic section) level. Consistence of results opens up new perspectives of analysis for the comprehension of the formation processes in arid environments and for the cultural problems linked to them.
Which elements of the scientific documentation produced by archaeologists - especially those who are freelancers - in the field of excavation, scientific filing and research, are to be considered ‘processed data’? How can archaeologists see their ‘copyright’ protected, if there is any, when the documentation produced flows into the archives? Can the ‘raw data’, since it is beyond authorial prerogatives, be made public as a common heritage of mankind? This paper will try to outline the legitimacy of certain attributions and the ownership of choices regarding the diffusion of the archaeological documentation produced in controversial events in which overlapping public and private interests do not always coincide.
Lo scavo di quello che oggi è stato riconosciuto come il limite S della piazza forense, repubblicana ed augustea, della città è iniziato nel corso del 2000 e si è protratto continuativamente fino al 2005, con un Saggio realizzato anche nel corso del 2012, ottenendo risultati significativi proprio in relazione alle prime fasi di vita del centro urbano.
I centri fortificati vestini…venti anni dopo, in E. Mattiocco (dir.), Itinera Archaeologica. Contributi di archeologia abruzzese, Lanciano, 2006, p. 9-36.
