Methods and tools for generating the DTM of an archaeological site: the case-study of the photogrammetric survey of Nora (Sardinia, Italy)
- Title
- Methods and tools for generating the DTM of an archaeological site: the case-study of the photogrammetric survey of Nora (Sardinia, Italy)
- Creator(s)
- Giulio Alberto Da Villa
- Arturo Zara
- Emanuela Faresin
- Jacopo Bonetto
- Cristiano Miele
- Antonio Persichetti
- Date
- 2024
- Is Part Of
-
Archeologia e Calcolatori
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 369–388
- Language
- eng
- Rights
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
- Abstract
- This paper describes the high-resolution survey of the archaeological site of Nora (Sardinia, Italy) using the aerophotogrammetric technique. The survey was conducted in October 2021 on a 14-hectare peninsula located in the Gulf of Cagliari. Previous attempts to survey the area, aside from the 1 metre/pixel LiDAR survey carried out by the Region of Sardinia, have been hampered by the challenges posed by the size of the area and the costs involved. The Digital Terrain Model was obtained from the 3D model created with the Agisoft Metashape© software by removing the buildings and the vegetation. The segmentation process was carried out using Cloud Compare and the resulting DTM was then analysed using the geomorphological analysis tools provided by QGIS. The seabed DTM was obtained through several survey campaigns between 2013 and 2015, using the same software. The terrestrial DTM was merged with the seabed DTM, resulting in a comprehensive 3D and 2D model of the peninsula and its surroundings. The final DTM was printed with rapid prototyping technologies to explore its potential use as a tactile model for promotion and dissemination in the field.
- Zotero References Collection
- https://www.zotero.org/groups/5293298/bidiar/collections/G4HBIUIE
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The orthophoto showing the positions of all GCPs (a) and all acquired photos (b) -
Processing workflow; from top to bottom: azimuthal view of the area; side view of the cloud before segmentation; azimuthal view of the point cloud after segmentation and side view of the cloud after segmentation -
The cloud resulting from the non-ground point deleting activity; a considerable part of the cloud has been removed -
Example of the workflow: 1) the mesh with roughness due to the vegetation covering the Marina Militare area; 2) the area after a first attempt with value 10; 3) the area after a second attempt with value 50 -
The three steps to obtain the complete DTM: at the top, the DTM of the seabed from which the landmass has been removed; in the middle, the model of the peninsula to be integrated into the seabed reel; at the bottom, the complete model -
Orthophoto of the site with overlaid vector elements (excavation areas and Regional Trigonometric Vertices) of the Regional Technical Map (CTR) of Sardinia (reference system EPSG 3003) -
The slope map of the peninsula shows the main changes in slope at the erosion fronts. The overburden of the so-called Kasbah is in the centre of the peninsula and is highlighted in red -
Detail of the peninsula. Yellow areas are protected from the Mistral wind as they face in the opposite direction (S-E); red areas indicate evidence from the Phoenician period and the hypothesis of the settlement’s extension -
False-colour DTM of the Phoenician peninsula with yellow areas indicating submerged land. -
The 3D printed tile displays clear levels and colours
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