7067 resources

• Disentangling Sedimentary Pathways for the Pleniglacial Lower Danube Loess Based on Geochemical Signatures
  The source of aeolian sediments such as loess has been investigated since decades. Reliable knowledge on potential dust sources is crucial to understand past climatic and environmental conditions accompanying the dispersal of early modern humans (EMH) into Europe. Provenance studies are usually performed on small sample sets and most established methods are expensive and time-consuming. Here, we present the results of high-resolution geochemical analyses performed on five loess-palaeosol sequences from the Lower Danube Basin (LDB), a region, despite its importance as a trajectory for EMH, largely underrepresented in loess provenance studies. We compare our results with geochemical data of loess-palaeosol sequences from Austria, Hungary, Serbia, and Ukraine. Based on published literature, we thus evaluate five plausible sedimentary pathways for the LDB loess: 1) the Danube alluvium (DA) pathway, which constrains the transport and re-deposition of detrital material by the Danube and its tributaries; 2) the Carpathian Bending (CB) pathway, where sediment is mainly transported from the Cretaceous to Neogene flysch of the Eastern Carpathian Bending; 3) the Eastern Carpathian (EC) pathway, in which sediment is eroded from the flysch of the Outer Eastern Carpathians, transported by rivers, and deflated by northwesterly to westerly winds; 4) the glaciofluvial (GF) pathway, where dust is deflated from glacial outwash plains in nowadays Ukraine, and 5) the Black Sea (BS) pathway, where dust originates from the exposed shelf of the Black Sea. Based on geochemical data, we consider the DA pathway to be the major sediment trajectory for loess in the LDB. Especially the sequences located close to the Danube and the Dobrogea show similarities to sites in Central and Northeast Hungary as well as Northern Serbia. For the northeastern part of the LDB, we demonstrate that dust input is mainly sourced from primary material from the Eastern Carpathians. Mineralogical estimations and geochemical data render the CB pathway as an additional substantial source of detrital material for the loess of this area. We consider the influence of the GF pathway in the LDB as negligible, whereas some minor influences of the BS pathway cannot be ruled out based on geochemical data.
• The Excavation of a Large Earthen Ring-Fort at Garranes, Co. Cork
• The place names and antiquities of Kinalmeaky barony, Co. Cork (contd)
• Corpus Inscription Insularum Celticarum
• A guide to Ogam
  xii, 211 p. : 26 cm; Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-196) and indexes
• Testimonianze archeologiche della espansione tarantina in età arcaica.
• Modelling of Uncertainty in Geo Sciences Sites
• Academic Meta Tool. Ein Web-Tool zur Modellierung von Vagheit | ZfdG - Zeitschrift für digitale Geisteswissenschaften
  In this article, we introduce a methodological proposal for modelling vagueness in graphs. In addition to the modelling, we also deal with the automatic generation of implicitly stored knowledge when considering vagueness. We use the ideas of algorithms designed for description logics and apply them on graph data. We also present our software development that implements the proposed methodology. We will demonstrate the use of our applications based on three use cases in humanities and cultural studies.
• How to locate the Campanian Ignimbrite site Urluia based on literature? How to provide and publish this data in a FAIR way?
• Irische ᚑᚌᚆᚐᚋ Steine in OSM und Wikidata
  ᚑᚌᚆᚐᚋ (Ogham) Steine sind mit der frühmittelalterlichen Ogham-Schrift versehene Monolithen, die vor allem in Irland, zwischen dem 4. und 9. Jahrhundert errichtet wurden. Viele von ihnen sind in “der freien Wildbahn” oder in Museen für die “Volunteer Community” einsehbar. Dieser Vortrag beschreibt die Dokumentation, Modellierung und Veröffentlichung dieser archäologischen Fundgattung in Community Hubs wie OSM und Wikidata mit der Nutzung von Linked Open Data Technologien. Mehr auch unter https://pretalx.com/fossgis2023/talk/Y8JWWP/
• Dealing with Doubts: Modelling Approaches in site georeferencing
  Article in Squirrel Papers, Volume 5, Issue 1.
• TITUS-Ogamica 081
• Loess accumulation during the last glacial maximum: Evidence from Urluia, southeastern Romania
  The Eastern European loess steppe represents one of the most substantial landform types on the continent, yet the impact on this region of the last glacial maximum (LGM), the coldest climatic episode during the last full glacial cycle, is relatively poorly understood. This is in part due to the comparatively small number of sites which have been reliably dated, and in part due to the need to better elucidate depositional models for loess environments at both local and regional scales. Here we present a high-frequency age–depth profile for the last 40 ky from a loess deposit at Urluia in southeastern Romania, using fine-grained quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and environmental magnetism analyses. Loess accumulation at the site for this period is well constrained by a clearly identifiable tephra deposit corresponding to the ca. 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite. We show that the tephra is directly overlain by a relatively thin layer of loess corresponding to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, which is partially overprinted by a weakly developed paleosol. The sequence is dominated by a 6–8 m package of primary loess of LGM age. The eight OSL samples from this package group together around a mean age of 21.6 ± 1.5 ka, and suggest rapid and substantial deposition during this phase. The uppermost part of the section indicates significantly reduced loess accumulation, during the deglacial period into the Holocene, less than 2 m in total thickness. The rapid accumulation of loess during the LGM at Urluia is consistent with increased sedimentation at other loess profiles in the Lower Danube basin, although the variable thickness of these deposits across the catchment highlights the need to more explicitly investigate depositional models for loess. The Urluia record complements emerging data which suggests that the Lower Danube loess steppe was cold, dry and windy during the LGM, yet experienced milder climates than comparable latitudes further west and north, and did not undergo periglacial activity.
• New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy)
  The ∼ 150 km3 (DRE) trachytic Campanian Ignimbrite, which is situated north-west of Naples, Italy, is one of the largest eruptions in the Mediterranean region in the last 200 ky. Despite centuries of investigation, the age and eruptive history of the Campanian Ignimbrite is still debated, as is the chronology of other significant volcanic events of the Campanian Plain within the last 200–300 ky. New 40Ar/39Ar geochronology defines the age of the Campanian Ignimbrite at 39.28 ± 0.11 ka, about 2 ky older than the previous best estimate. Based on the distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite and associated uppermost proximal lithic and polyclastic breccias, we suggest that the Campanian Ignimbrite magma was emitted from fissures activated along neotectonic Apennine faults rather than from ring fractures defining a Campi Flegrei caldera. Significantly, new volcanological, geochronological, and geochemical data distinguish previously unrecognized ignimbrite deposits in the Campanian Plain, accurately dated between 157 and 205 ka. These ages, coupled with a xenocrystic sanidine component > 315 ka, extend the volcanic history of this region by over 200 ky. Recent work also identifies a pyroclastic deposit, dated at 18.0 ka, outside of the topographic Campi Flegrei basin, expanding the spatial distribution of post-Campanian Ignimbrite deposits. These new discoveries emphasize the importance of continued investigation of the ages, distribution, volumes, and eruption dynamics of volcanic events associated with the Campanian Plain. Such information is critical for accurate assessment of the volcanic hazards associated with potentially large-volume explosive eruptions in close proximity to the densely populated Neapolitan region.
• On Two Ogham Inscribed Stones from the County of Cork
• The campanian ignimbrite: a major prehistoric eruption in the Neapolitan area (Italy)
  A geological, chemical and petrographical study of the Campanian ignimbrite, a pyroclastic flow deposit erupted about 30,000 years ago on the Neapolitan area (Italy), is reported. The ignimbrite covered an area of at least 7,000 km2; it consists of a single flow unit, and the lateral variations in both pumice and lithic fragments indicate that the source was located in the Phlegraean Fields area.
• Studi per Laura Breglia
• Crotoniensia: dall’incuso al doppio rilievo
• Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East
• Openness and archaeology's information ecosystem
• Tool-Driven Revolutions in Archaeological Science
  There is an argument in philosophy of science that revolutions in science are either idea-driven or tool-driven. We explore this debate in light of recent efforts by many scientific disciplines to embrace methods to improve the reproducibility of their research. One of the most profound changes driven by this concern for reproducibility and transparency is from analysing data using tools dependent on point-and-clicking with a mouse in closed source software, to tools based on writing scripts in open source programming languages and making them openly available. We present bibliometric evidence for this change in ecology and in archaeology to test if the adoption of these new tools is revolutionary or transformational. We identify a positive citation effect for papers that use the open source programming language R. We discuss how computational approaches to improving reproducibility and transparency in archaeology are mediated and transformed by the use of R code.
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, 4. From Nahal Bezeq to the Sartaba
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, 5. The Middle Jordan Valley, from Wadi Fasael to Wadi ‘Aujah
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, 3. From Nahal Iron to Nahal Shechem
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Volume 7: The South-Eastern Samaria Shoulder, from Wadi Rashash to Wadi 'Aujah
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey Volume 6: The Eastern Samaria Shoulder, from Nahal Tirzah (Wadi Far'ah) to Ma’ale Ephraim Junction
• Judah, Philistia, and the Mediterranean World: Reconstructing the Economic System of the Seventh Century B.C.E.
  The seventh century B.C.E. was a period of economic prosperity, for which several lines of evidence for trade and settlement expansion have been found along the coastal plain, in the Judaean desert and the Negev. The discovery of Judahite wheat in Ashkelon, together with other available archaeological evidence of trade and data on the local geographical conditions, enables us to reconstruct the well-integrated economy of the seventh century. Ashkelon, the site of a huge Mediterranean port, was at the heart of the local economic system. Ashkelon's immediate vicinity was used primarily for the production of the most profitable economic product of the time-wine. The inner coastal plain and the Shephelah, farther to the east and best represented by Ekron, were used mainly for the production of olive oil. Judah and the Negev formed the third and fourth zones of production (for grains and grazing). The growing need for these products was behind Judah's expansion to the previously un-/under-exploited regions of the Judaean desert and the Negev. This complex economic system was peripheral to the Mediterranean economic system of the seventh century, the driving force behind which was Phoenician maritime trade.
• Engineering Empire: A ah Perspective on the Middle Assyrian Empire
• Canals in the Neo-Assyrian Rural Landscape: A View from the Habur and Middle Euphrates
  Canals in the Neo-Assyrian Rural Landscape: A View from the Habur and Middle Euphrates, in H. Kuehne (Hrsg,), Umwelt und Subsistenz der assyrischen Stadt Dur-Katlimmu am Unteren Habur (=BATSH 8), Wiesbaden 2008, 181-187
• The Neo-Assyrian Empire in the Southwest: Imperial Domination and its Consequences
  The Neo-Assyrian empire — the first large empire of the ancient world — has attracted a great deal of public attention ever since the spectacular discoveries of its impressive remains in the 19th century. The southwestern part of this empire, located in the lands of the Bible, is archaeologically speaking the best known region in the world, and its history is described in a plethora of texts, including the Hebrew Bible. Using a bottom-up approach, Avraham Faust utilises this unparalleled information to reconstruct the outcomes of the Assyrian conquest of the region and how it impacted the diverse political units and ecological zones that comprised it. In doing so, he draws close attention to the transformations the imperial take-over brought in its wake. His analysis reveals the marginality of the annexed territories in the southwest as the empire focused its activities in small border areas facing its prospering clients. A comparison of this surprising picture to the information available from other parts of the empire suggests that the distance of these provinces from the imperial core is responsible for their fate. This sheds new light on factors influencing imperial expansion, the considerations leading to annexation, and the imperial methods of control, challenging old conventions about the development of the Assyrian empire and its rule.Faust also examines the Assyrian empire within the broader context of ancient Near Eastern imperialism to answer larger questions on the nature of Assyrian domination, the reasons for its harsh treatment of the distant provinces, and the factors influencing the limits of its reach. His findings highlight the historical development of imperial control in antiquity and the ways in which later empires were able to overcome similar limitations, paving the way to much larger and longer-lasting polities. , The Neo-Assyrian empire — the first large empire of the ancient world — has attracted a great deal of public attention ever since the spectacular discoveries of its impressive remains in the 19th century. The southwestern part of this empire, located in the lands of the Bible, is archaeologically speaking the best known region in the world, and its history is described in a plethora of texts, including the Hebrew Bible. Using a bottom-up approach, Avraham Faust utilises this unparalleled information to reconstruct the outcomes of the Assyrian conquest of the region and how it impacted the diverse political units and ecological zones that comprised it. In doing so, he draws close attention to the transformations the imperial take-over brought in its wake. His analysis reveals the marginality of the annexed territories in the southwest as the empire focused its activities in small border areas facing its prospering clients. A comparison of this surprising picture to the information available from other parts of the empire suggests that the distance of these provinces from the imperial core is responsible for their fate. This sheds new light on factors influencing imperial expansion, the considerations leading to annexation, and the imperial methods of control, challenging old conventions about the development of the Assyrian empire and its rule.Faust also examines the Assyrian empire within the broader context of ancient Near Eastern imperialism to answer larger questions on the nature of Assyrian domination, the reasons for its harsh treatment of the distant provinces, and the factors influencing the limits of its reach. His findings highlight the historical development of imperial control in antiquity and the ways in which later empires were able to overcome similar limitations, paving the way to much larger and longer-lasting polities.
• Highlands of Many Cultures: The Southern Samaria Survey: The Sites
  These two volumes present the results of the painstaking pedestrian site-by-site survey of the Southern Samaria region, the heartland of Biblical Israel. More than 500 sites have been identified and are indexed for easy reference. The excellent aerial photographs accompanying the description of the sites are of immense historical interest. These are unique documents of a vanished countryside now built over to accommodate an increased population. The detailed archaeological report covers finds from all periods, including Byzantine and Medieaval, and incorporates a comprehensive review of historical sources.
• Tel Miqne-Ekron in the 7th Century B.C.E: The Impact of Economic Innovation and Foreign Cultural Influences on a Neo-Assyrian Vassal City-state
• Middle Bronze Age II Palestine: Its Settlements and Population
  The population density of ancient settlements according to modern ethnoarchaeological data, and supported by archaeological data, was about 250 persons per hectare. An inventory of all known MB IIA and IIB settlements (130 in the earlier phase and 337 in the latter) was compiled, estimating their size and forming an approximate estimate of the population of Western Palestine for those periods. On the basis of the coefficient proposed here and other considerations, the authors believe the population during MB IIA was about 100,000 and in MB IIB, 140,000. In comparison, the population during EB II-III was 150,000 (Broshi and Gophna 1984) and 1,000,000 during the Roman-Byzantine periods (Broshi 1980). Quantification of the data also permits interesting conclusions concerning some aspects of the geography of settlement in this period, including spatial distribution and distribution of settlements by size.
• Open archaeology: a survey of collaborative software engineering in archaeological research
  Archaeologists increasingly rely on specialised digital tools and computer code to conduct their research. Scientific programming languages such as R and Python are used to write, modify, comment on, review, share and reuse scripted analyses, enabling more advanced manipulation of digital data [@Schmidt2020]. This usually consists of custom scripts and project files that parse and transform archaeological data using generic functions for data manipulation, statistical analysis, and visualization. These are drawn from a range of ‘off-the-shelf’ packages, such as: the tidyverse, ROpenSci, or NumPy data analysis ecosystems; database management systems and visualisation engines; or modelling frameworks and specialised software from other disciplines and industries. Collectively, these tools support a broad set of applications common across research settings. However, as archaeological workflows are rarely explicitly accounted for in their design, they can also impose limits and force archaeologists to adapt tools in ways unanticipated by their developers. As digital methods have become increasingly central to archaeological research, it is therefore becoming more common for archaeologists to develop software explicitly targeted at their use cases. These tools fundamentally differ from analysis scripts in that they are designed for reuse by multiple analysts for multiple applications within a given problem domain. They provide generic functions that can handle mutable inputs, rather than custom procedures tailored to a specific dataset and analysis, based on the designers’ assumptions about what data structures, processes and desire outputs are shared by the tool’s intended users. As such, building these tools evokes a distinct set of skills, shifting the developer from the role of analyst to that of a ‘research software engineer’ [@Baxter2012]. Although the intersection of archaeology and software engineering is not new, these contemporary projects are distinguished by their adoption of practices from open source software development. In particular, widespread use of the git version control system, associated web-based source code management platforms such as GitHub and GitLab, is a relatively recent trend, opening up a new set of workflows for collaboration between multiple developers. In this paper, we survey the state of the art in archaeological software engineering, documenting the wide range of general-purpose digital tools currently in development. Using open-archaeo (https://open-archaeo.info/), a curated list of 300+ active open source archaeological software packages, augmented with data collected from GitHub’s API, we seek to identify emerging norms in software development and collaboration, focusing on three key questions: 1. What types of open source projects are have been developed by archaeologists over the last 5–10 years? 2. To what extent to these projects leverage the collaborative features of git/GitHub? 3. Does collaboration in software development mirror, or differ from, collaborative practices in archaeological research more broadly? We find that collaborative open source software development in archaeology, measured both in the number of projects and discrete contributions tracked in git repositories, has seen a rapid and sustained increase beginning around 2015 (see figure). This growth is seen across a range of languages and categories of tools, but is strongest in standalone web apps and R packages. In terms of collaboration, our analysis shows an uneven use of git and GitHub’s extended features, beyond their basic usage as a version control system and repository host. The vast majority of repositories have 1–3 contributors, with only a few distinguished by an active and diverse developer base. Similarly, collaborative features such as GitHub “issues” are used in only a minority of repositories. However, a network analysis of repository contributors may point to some nascent communities of practice. We highlight areas in which archaeologists are either pooling resources for common goals or working independently and in a redundant manner, factors that may contribute to either enthusiastic upkeep or abandonment of software development projects, how various means of communication and contribution are valued, and how GitHub is leveraged for either one-way or discursive means of engaging with relevant stakeholders. We consider these aspects of collaborative software development in relation to common structures, practices and challenges that bind archaeologists together as a distinct community, and draw comparisons with potentially conflicting underlying assumptions, attitudes and processes accounted for and encouraged by the infrastructures that archaeological software developers have come to rely upon. We demonstrate how archaeological software engineering is beginning to foster new kinds of collaborative commitments while also being rooted in established archaeological sociotechnical structures.
• Open-archaeo: A Resource for Documenting Archaeological Software Development Practices
  Open-archaeo (https://open-archaeo.info) is a comprehensive list of open software and resources created by and for archaeologists. It is a living collection—itself an open project—which as of writing includes 548 entries and associated metadata. Open-archaeo documents what kinds of software and resources archaeologists have produced, enabling further investigation of research software engineering and digital peer-production practices in the discipline, both under-explored aspects of archaeological research practice.
• Ashdod Revisited
  We have tried to scrutinize the results of the excavations at Ashdod and the widely accepted interpretation of the finds. Our main proposals are summarized below (see Table 2): 1. Most of the remains dating to the terminal Late Bronze Age should be ascribed to general Stratum XV and dated to the late 13th century BCE. What we would describe as Stratum XIV is represented mainly by local Stratum H6. It is contemporary with Level VI at Lachish and was likewise destroyed in the mid-12th century BCE. The Ramses III scarab that was found in a later context in Area G originated in this city, which was partially (that is, not overwhelmingly) destroyed by fire. 2. Both the Late Bronze and the Iron I settlements were unfortified. What was described as a Stratum XII city wall in Area G is a section of an elaborate building. 3. The Qasile X phase is apparently missing from the Ashdod sequence. It should have been found between Strata XI and X. This means that there was probably an occupational gap at Ashdod for most of the 10th century BCE. 4. The Stratum X City Wall 4014 of Area G should be reassigned to Stratum VIII. It was constructed in the 8th century BCE or a short while earlier. 5. Stratum IX at Ashdod cannot be interpreted as an independent layer. It was created because of possible evidence for constructional phases in the Stratum VIII-VII continuum and boosted in order to provide a pre-8th century date for the four-entry gate in Area M. All remains which were ascribed to this stratum should be assigned to the city of Stratum VIII. 6. We have endorsed Ussishkin's interpretation of the stratigraphy of the gate in Area M. The four-entry gate of Ashdod was erected in the time of Stratum VIII. 7. The site of Tel Ashdod was not inhabited (except for possibly squatters activity) in the 7th century BCE. The typical 7th century pottery types of Philistia are missing. But Ashdod is mentioned in the historical records throughout the 7th century BCE. We have argued that 7th century Ashdod should be sought at Ashdod-Yam. Sargon II conquered Ashdod, deported its population and established a major Assyrian centre at Ashdod-Yam – until then probably a relatively small settlement on the seashore. This analysis emphasizes once more the correct order of archaeological investigation: it should start with a careful method in the field, then proceed to establishing a well-controlled stratigraphy and reconstructing safe assemblages of finds. Only then can one engage in historical reconstruction.
• Ethics in Archaeological Lidar
  Airborne laser scanning or lidar has now been used by archaeologists for twenty years, with many of the first applications relying on data acquired by public agencies seeking to establish baseline elevation maps, mainly in Europe and North America. More recently, several wide-area acquisitions have been designed and commissioned by archaeologists, the most extensive of which cover tropical forest environments in the Americas and Southeast Asia. In these regions, the ability of lidar to map microtopographic relief and reveal anthropogenic traces on the Earth’s surface, even beneath dense vegetation, has been welcomed by many as a transformational breakthrough in our field of research. Nevertheless, applications of the method have attracted a measure of criticism and controversy, and the impact and significance of lidar are still debated. Now that wide-area, high-density laser scanning is becoming a standard part of many archaeologists’ toolkits, it is an opportune moment to reflect on its position in contemporary archaeological practice and to move towards a code of ethics that is vital for scientific research. The papers in this Special Collection draw on experiences with using lidar in archaeological research programs, not only to highlight the new insights that derive from it but also to cast a critical eye on past practices and to assess what challenges and opportunities remain for developing codes of ethics. Using examples from a range of countries and environments, contributions revolve around three key themes: data management and access; the role of stakeholders; and public education. We draw on our collective experiences to propose a range of improvements in how we collect, use, and share lidar data, and we argue that as lidar acquisitions mature we are well positioned to produce ethical, impactful, and reproducible research using the technique.
• Assyria and the South
  This chapter seeks to describe and analyze the relations between Assyria and Babylonia as they unfolded over time. Like all of Upper Mesopotamia, the “Assyrian triangle”, demarcated in historical times by the cities Ashur, Nineveh, and Arbela, experienced a phase of pronounced regionalization and ruralization during the first centuries of the third millennium BCE, with little evidence for economic, cultural, or political interaction with the south. From ca. 2700 onwards, however, there are indications of a growing urbanization in the region, and southern influences began to play a more significant role. For several decades, Assyria had to focus its military attention on other regions, especially Urartu, and besides skirmishes with Aramaean semi-nomads in the Assyro-Babylonian border area, little Assyrian activity in the south is recorded. All this changed with the accession of Tiglath-pileser III (744-727), when Assyro-Babylonian relations entered an entirely new phase.
• The Imperialisation of Assyria: An Archaeological Approach
  The Assyrian Empire was the first state to achieve durable domination of the Ancient Near East, enduring some seven centuries and, eventually, controlling most of the region. Yet, we know little about how this empire emerged from a relatively minor polity in the Tigris region and how it managed to consolidate its power over conquered territories. Textual sources, often biased, provide a relatively limited source of information. In this study, Bleda S. Düring examines the rich archaeological data of the early Assyrian Empire that have been obtained over the past decades, together with the textual evidence. The archaeological data enable us to reconstruct the remarkably heterogeneous and dynamic impact of the Assyrian Empire on dominated territories. They also facilitate the reconstruction of the various ways in which people participated in this empire, and what might have motivated them to do so. Finally, Düring's study shows how imperial repertoires first developed in the Middle Assyrian period were central to the success of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
• Settlement and Demographic Processes in Israel's Coastal Plain from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Bronze Age
  This study of Israel's coastal plain goes beyond previous settlement and demographic discussions of ancient Palestine in several respects. It considers not only population totals for each period, but also their spatial distribution. Then it relates the empirical discussion on demography and settlement to various theories of sociocultural change that until now have not been applied to the region in the Chalcolithic and Middle Bronze Ages. After elaborating the details of the settlement and demographic changes from the Chalcolithic to MB II, this article suggests that the first urban culture in the Early Bronze Age emerged, to a large extent, in line with a Boserupian conception that population growth initiates a sociocultural transformation. In contrast, the second urban transformation, at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age, seems to have been a more Malthusian one, in the sense that the urban transition was followed by a further population increase.
• Publishing and Pushing: Mixing Models for Communicating Research Data in Archaeology
  We present a case study of data integration and reuse involving 12 researchers who published datasets in Open Context, an online data publishing platform, as part of collaborative archaeological research on early domesticated animals in Anatolia. Our discussion reports on how different editorial and collaborative review processes improved data documentation and quality, and created ontology annotations needed for comparative analyses by domain specialists. To prepare data for shared analysis, this project adapted editor-supervised review and revision processes familiar to conventional publishing, as well as more novel models of revision adapted from open source software development of public version control. Preparing the datasets for publication and analysis required significant investment of effort and expertise, including archaeological domain knowledge and familiarity with key ontologies. To organize this work effectively, we emphasized these different models of collaboration at various stages of this data publication and analysis project. Collaboration first centered on data editors working with data contributors, then widened to include other researchers who provided additional peer-review feedback, and finally the widest research community, whose collaboration is facilitated by GitHub’s version control system. We demonstrate that the “publish” and “push” models of data dissemination need not be mutually exclusive; on the contrary, they can play complementary roles in sharing high quality data in support of research. This work highlights the value of combining multiple models in different stages of data dissemination.
• The archaeological exploration of the provinces of Assyria,
  The Assyrian empire was in its day the greatest empire the world had ever seen. Building on the expansion of the Middle Assyrian state in the late second millennium BC, the opening centuries of the first millennium witnessed a resurgence which led to the birth of a true empire whose limits stretched from Egypt to Iran and from Anatolia to the Persian Gulf. While the Assyrian imperial capital cities have long been the focus of archaeological exploration, it is only in recent decades that the peripheral areas have been the subject of sustained research. This volume sets out to synthesise the results of this research, bringing together the outcomes of key investigations from across the empire. The provincial archaeology of the empire is presented in a new light, with studies of the archaeological imprint of Assyria in present-day Israel, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. A wide range of methodological and interpretive approaches are brought to bear on the data. Analyses of environmental zones and ecofactual datasets, material culture and architectural traditions, the permeation of literacy and the use of para-literate systems form the platform for innovative and integrative evaluations and lead to a new appreciation for the diversity of local responses to the Assyrian expansion.
• The Creation of the Assyrian Heartland: New Data from the ‘Land behind Nineveh’
• Ekron under the Assyrian and Egyptian Empires
  This article discusses four problems that are central to the history and archaeology of Ekron in the late eighth-seventh century B. C. E.: (1) The accession of the dynasty of Padi to the throne of Ekron; (2) Ekron in Assyrian letters and administrative documents; (3) the foundation of Stratum IC; and (4) the economic growth of Ekron under the Assyrian and Egyptian empires. It is suggested that Stratum IC at Ekron was found in the second half of the eighth century B. C. E. and that the city was an important center in the time of Sargon II, and probably earlier. The available sources do not suggest that Ekron enjoyed preferred status among the western vassals of Assyria. Most of the artifacts unearthed at Stratum IB at Ekron should be assigned to the period in which it was a vassal of Egypt. The Tel Miqne publication team has not yet published data that enables scholars to establish the scope of the city's flourishing in the first half of the seventh century, or estimate the extent of the city's assumed decline in the late seventh century B. C. E. Ekron's prosperity arose from the results of Sennacherib's campaign against Judah in 701 B. C. E., from the stability produced by the pax Assyriaca, and from the new economic opportunities created by the empire-rather than the result of a deliberate imperial policy of economic development of its vassal.
• Holocene landscape dynamics and long-term population trends in the Levant
  This paper explores long-term trends in human population and vegetation change in the Levant from the early to the late Holocene in order to assess when and how human impact has shaped the region’s landscapes over the millennia. To do so, we employed multiple proxies and compared archaeological, pollen and palaeoclimate data within a multi-scalar approach in order to assess how Holocene landscape dynamics change at different geographical scales. We based our analysis on 14 fossil pollen sequences and applied a hierarchical agglomerative clustering and community classification in order to define groups of vegetation types (e.g. grassland, wetland, woodland, etc.). Human impact on the landscape has been assessed by the analysis of pollen indicator groups. Archaeological settlement data and Summed Probability Distribution (SPD) of radiocarbon dates have been used to reconstruct long-term demographic trends. In this study, for the first time, the evolution of the human population is estimated statistically and compared with environmental proxies for assessing the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors in shaping the Holocene landscapes in the Levant.
• The Settlements and Population of Palestine during the Early Bronze Age II-III
• What’s the Big Picture?: Comparative Perspectives on the Archaeology of Empire
• Git can facilitate greater reproducibility and increased transparency in science
  Reproducibility is the hallmark of good science. Maintaining a high degree of transparency in scientific reporting is essential not just for gaining trust and credibility within the scientific community but also for facilitating the development of new ideas. Sharing data and computer code associated with publications is becoming increasingly common, motivated partly in response to data deposition requirements from journals and mandates from funders. Despite this increase in transparency, it is still difficult to reproduce or build upon the findings of most scientific publications without access to a more complete workflow.
• Ashkelon and the Archaeology of Destruction: Kislev 604 Bce
• Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Periods, 732-332 BCE
  Every year thousands of enthusiasts, both amateur and professional, spend the summer months digging in the sands of Israel hoping to find items that relate in some way to the places or events depicted in the Bible. Thousands more view artifacts in museums and long to know the full stories behind them. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Volume II, is the essential book for all of them.In Ephraim Stern's sequel to Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Volume I , by Amihai Mazar, this world-renowned archaeologist who has directed excavations in the Holy Land for many years offers a dramatic look at how archaeological research contributes to our understanding of the connections between history and the stories recounted in the Bible. Stern writes about various artifacts unearthed in recent years and relates them to the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian periods in the Bible. Accompanied by photographs and illustrations of rare ancient relics ranging from household pottery to beautifully crafted jewelry and sculpture. His discussions bring the biblical world to life.
• Reproducibility in the Field: Transparency, Version Control and Collaboration on the Project Panormos Survey
  Archaeological fieldwork is rarely considered reproducible in the sense of the ideal scientific method because of its destructive nature. But new digital technology now offers field practitioners a set of tools that can at least increase the transparency of the data-collection process as well as bring other benefits of an Open Science approach to archaeology. This article shares our perspectives, choices and experiences of piloting a set of tools (namely: ODK, Git, GitLab CE and R) which can address reproducibility of fieldwork in the form of an intensive survey project in western Turkey, and highlights the potential consequences of Open Science approaches for archaeology as a whole.
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, 1. The Shechem Syncline
• The Manasseh Hill Country Survey, 2. The Eastern Valleys and the Fringes of the Desert
• Leopoli-Cencelle il quartiere sud-orientale
  Leopoli-Cencelle il quartiere sud-orientale è un libro di Francesca Romana Stasolla pubblicato da Fondazione CISAM nella collana Studi e ric. di archeologia e storia arte: acquista su IBS a 85.50€!
• Sensing the Past: From artifact to historical site
  This book provides a complete overview of novel and state of art sensing technologies and geotechnologies relevant to support management and conservation of CH sites, monuments and works of art. The book is organized in an introduction stating the motivations and presenting the overall content of the volume and four parts. The first part focuses on remote sensing and geophysics for the study of human past and cultural heritage at site scale and as element of the surrounding territory. The second part presents an overview of non invasive technologies for investigating monuments and works of art.  The third part presents the new opportunities of ICT for an improved and safe cultural heritage fruition, from the virtual and augmented reality of historical context to artifact tracking. Finally, the forth part presents a significant worldwide set of success cases of the exploitation of the integration of geotechnologies in archeology and architectural heritage management. This book is of interest to researchers, experts of heritage science, archaeologists, students, conservators and other professionals of cultural heritage.
• Interpreting Archaeological Topography: 3D Data, Visualisation and Observation
  Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), or lidar, is an enormously important innovation for data collection and interpretation in archaeology. The application of archaeological 3D data deriving from sources including ALS, close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial and photogrammetric scanners has grown exponentially over the last decade. Such data present numerous possibilities and challenges, from ensuring that applications remain archaeologically relevant, to developing practices that integrate the manipulation and interrogation of complex digital datasets with the skills of archaeological observation and interpretation. This volume addresses the implications of multi-scaled topographic data for contemporary archaeological practice in a rapidly developing field, drawing on examples of ongoing projects and reflections on best practice.Twenty papers from across Europe explore the implications of these digital 3D datasets for the recording and interpretation of archaeological topography, whether at the landscape, site or artefact scale. The papers illustrate the variety of ways in which we engage with archaeological topography through 3D data, from discussions of its role in landscape archaeology, to issues of context and integration, and to the methodological challenges of processing, visualisation and manipulation. Critical reflection on developing practice and implications for cultural resource management and research contextualize the case studies and applications, illustrating the diverse and evolving roles played by multi-scalar topographic data in contemporary archaeology.
• Mapping Archeological Signs From Airborne Lidar Data Using Deep Neural Networks: Primary Results
  – Complexity of large-scale Airborne LIDAR data: its processing, and interpretation emerges the necessity of automated analysis with novel techniques. – Detection and documentation of archaeological ruins, hidden in the forests of the Swedish landscape.
• Le Liber Pontificalis: Texte, Introduction Et Commentaire, Volume 1, Part 1...
• Le pendici della città di Leopoli-Cencelle
• Paesaggi e sistemazioni agrarie nel basso corso dell’Adige da Montagnana al mare
• MAPOD 4D: primo esempio di musealizzazione digitale di sepolture utilizzando un multiverso di metaversi
• Il "Realverso" lucano: "luogo innovativo e visionario"
  Il "Realverso" lucano: "luogo innovativo e visionario". A raccontare l'iniziativa Vito Santarcangelo e Alessandro D'Alcantara, concepteur
• Digitale, patrimonio culturale e legislazione,
  I videogiochi possono essere uno strumento di conoscenza, valorizzazione e promozione del patrimonio culturale. Qual è la prospettiva dell'industria? Quale il contributo della ricerca scientifica? Cosa stanno facendo i musei? Questo volume è dedicato ad un'alleanza tra ricerca, istituzioni culturali e industria del videogioco. L'obiettivo di questo volume è quello di raccogliere esperienze/conoscenze e di aprire lo sguardo verso il futuro. [Testo dell'editore]
• The rights of reproducing Cultural Heritage in the digital Era. An Italian Perspective
  The spread of digital technology has led to a renewed phase within the debate on property rights in Cultural Heritage reproduction. This topic is addressed in different ways, but it is currently under discussion both in Europe and USA. Italy holds a particular position in this debate, due to its large concentration of ancient remains and the peculiar structure of its laws. The interesting experiments of total open access to Cultural Heritage reproduction on the one hand, and claims of the State Administration for control of Cultural Heritage exploitation and a consequent income (in any sense) on the other, are equally valid arguments. At the same time the blurred distinction between the concepts of 'reconstruction' and 'reproduction', of 'personal' and 'commercial' use, and the philosophical and mathematical difficulties in defining what is exactly a 'copy' in the digital context, make the matter harder. The paper aims to analyse this debate, and to make a contribution to a new method of considering the economic dimension of Cultural Heritage, taking into account international discussion, while focusing on the situation in Italy, and trying to sum up the needs of the different subjects involved while expressing a proposal to resolve the problem.
• ArcheoVerso: A cultural metaverse for enhancement, technologies, communities, services
• Cantieri archeologici aperti per costruire e abitare i metaversi
  Si moltiplica l’offerta culturale di iniziative open cource e commerciali per fornire ai musei strumenti per creare mondi digitali. Come racconta ArcheoVirtual
• A cloud-based architecture for processing and dissemination of 3D landscapes online
  The european project ARIADNE aimed at setting up the infrastructure of archaeological datasets, while E-RIHS is currently the EU infrastructure for the Heritage Science. During these projects, CNR ITABC has developed a cloud-based and modular architecture of web services, aimed at supporting the research, enabling archaeologists to build 3d landscapes starting from geospatial databases and to visualise them interactively online, on desktop and on mobile systems. The cloud services have been designed to support both reality-based archaeological landscapes (territories or sites as they appear today) and interpreted landscapes (past landscapes reconstructed in a certain historical period). We present here their web-based architecture and responsive components, and also the solutions we have adopted to remove common processing bottlenecks and offer a smooth integration in landscape reconstruction and interpretation workflow.
• ATON: An Open-Source Framework for Creating Immersive, Collaborative and Liquid Web-Apps for Cultural Heritage
• Meta Effect: la prima mostra d'arte interamente progettata nel Metaverso, tra opere di artisti reali e create dall'AI
  Siamo stati alla prima mostra d’arte interamente progettata nel metaverso, “Meta Effect”, inaugurata il 20 dicembre 2022 a Genova. Organizzata da ETT, un’industria creativa digitale del Gruppo SCAI, la mostra esplora i temi dell’arte e della creatività, ponendo l’accento sulla possibilità che l’intelligenza artificiale possa essere considerata creativa. Meta Effect: tra “veri” autori e AI …
• Parola e immagine. Storia di due tecnologie. Ediz. illustrata
  La condizione per la quale si è evoluto biologicamente, e opera, il linguaggio umano è quella della comunicazione faccia a faccia, in una sfera di pochi metri che gli interlocutori condividono visivamente. Da un certo punto in poi della sua storia, l'uomo comincia a sviluppare tecnologie che modificano questa situazione originaria. Sono tecnologie che esternalizzano e fissano prima il prodotto della visione, attraverso l'immagine disegnata e/o dipinta, e poi quello della parola, attraverso la scrittura. Le conseguenze sono enormi: la comunicazione può avvenire in assenza dell'interlocutore e in assenza di condivisione visiva; si possono condividere visivamente cose senza essere presenti e senza poter comunicare; e così via. Queste nuove condizioni e possibilità generano le molteplici forme della comunicazione e dell'espressione che abbiamo conosciuto nel corso della storia. Lo sciamano che dipinge nella grotta paleolitica, lo scriba sumerico, papa Gregorio Magno. Leonardo da Vinci, Eadweard Muybridge, l'inventore della fotografia veloce, e Ivan Sutherland, l'inventore della realtà virtuale, sono loro in questo libro a svelare al lettore quanto quel cammino sia stato tutt'altro che lineare: è passato attraverso incontri e scontri, divorzi e riunioni fomentati via via dell'evolversi della tecnologia; o meglio: dal suo semplice, e spesso accidentale, cambiare.
• Digital technologies for citizen curation in museums: two case studies from the SPICE project
  The SPICE project started in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic with the aim to build social cohesion in museums by developing tools and methods...
• A sensemaking system for grouping and suggesting stories from multiple affective viewpoints in museums
  This article presents an affective-based sensemaking system for grouping and suggesting stories created by the users about the cultural artefacts in a museum. By relying on the TCL commonsense reasoning framework, the system exploits the spatial structure of the Plutchik’s “wheel of emotions” to organize the stories according to their extracted emotions. The process of emotion extraction, reasoning, and suggestion is triggered by an app, called GAMGame, and integrated with the sensemaking engine. Following the framework of Citizen Curation, the system allows classifying and suggesting stories encompassing cultural items able to evoke not only the very same emotions of already experienced or preferred museum objects but also novel items sharing different emotional stances and, therefore, able to break the filter bubble effect and open the users’ view toward more inclusive and empathy-based interpretations of cultural content. The system has been designed tested, in the context of the H2020EU SPICE project (Social cohesion, Participation, and Inclusion through Cultural Engagement), in cooperation with the community of the d/Deaf and on the collection of the Gallery of Modern Art (GAM) in Turin. We describe the user-centered design process of the web app and of its components and we report the results concerning the effectiveness of the diversity-seeking, affective-driven, recommendations of stories.
• Trends in Archaeological Simulation
  This paper provides an up-to-date history of archaeological computer simulation, starting with the early 1970s simulation models, but paying particular attention to those developed over the past 20–25 years. It revises earlier accounts of archaeological simulation by proposing an alternation between programmatic phases, in which published work tends to be about simulation as a method, and mature phases in which there is greater emphasis on the substantive results of simulation experiments. The paper concludes that the burgeoning interest in computer simulation since circa 2000 is largely characterized by mature application in areas where it fits naturally into existing inferential frameworks (e.g., certain strands of evolutionary archaeology) but that explicitly “sociological” simulation remains a challenge.
• Digital Archaeologies: debugging three personal experiments
  In this chapter, I present three Digital Archaeology experiments conducted by me during the last 15 years. First, is an experiment about the construction and use of 3D models of archaeological sites to bring the real and the virtual to a dialogue
• Virtual worlds: a theoretical proposal about the practice of computer simulations in archaeology.
  This paper aims to present the possible use of computer simulations in archeology by building and testing virtual models and the proposed development of autonomous systems of knowledge.. in this way, i present the Lavras do abade case study where an electronic model of the site was used to analyze and interpret built space.
• The Analytical Engine: Computer Simulation and Archaeological Research
• Las respuestas sobre restos arqueológicos en el Alto Guadalquivir según las noticias del interrogatorio de Tomás López: archivos, informática y reconstrucción gráfica
• La construcción romana (II)
• Camino romano entre Montoro y el Valle de los Pedroches: la vía Epora-Solia.
• Dimensiones y orientaciones de anfiteatros y circos romanos en el Imperio Romano
  Este análisis pone en al descubierto la evidencia de unas normas geométricas en la construcción de los anfiteatros romanos sea cual fuere el lugar o la época exacta en que fue construida cada cual. Lo cual no tiene nada de extraño pues es acorde con la "globalización" y rigor que en muchos aspectos dieron los romanos a todas sus áreas de influencia. Dentro de este carácter general se observan diferencias en las magnitudes de los edificios que tienen seguramente que ver con las disponibilidades económicas de cada lugar y de los espectadores con que se pretendían llenar y que a su vez dependían, lógicamente, de la densidad de población y número de habitantes cercanos. Casi lo mismo se puede decir respecto a los circos, aunque para ellos la rigidez de la tendencia es menor, posiblemente por la condicionante geográfica derivada de sus mayores dimensiones que los anfiteatros. Como un aspecto más original de este análisis se analizan las orientaciones de una muestra importante tanto de anfiteatros como de circos, obteniéndose una distribución "no azar" que por su simetría en sus mayores frecuencias respecto al meridiano hace sospechar que tiene que ver con la intención de construir, esas mega estructuras arquitectónicas de la época, según la aparición o posición de determinados astros, ya sean estrellas o planetas, por ahora no precisados.
• Montoro, un nuevo yacimiento arqueológico en el Guadalquivir
  Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología
• Órdenes y decoración arquitectónica en el mundo romano
• Notas arqueológicas sobre Epora (Montoro): estudios del siglo XVIII y recientes descubrimientos
• Cultos religiosos en la antigua Epora romana.
  Aproximación a las creencias religiosas que existieron en la antigua ciudad romana de Epora (Montoro, Córdoba). Haciendo un recorrido a través del testimonio epigráfico por divinidades de importación y de culto imperial, para acabar con la adopción
• Nueva escultura thoracata en Montoro
• Storia dell'urbanistica. Il mondo romano
  Con l'ausilio di un ricchissimo apparato iconografico e sulla base delle più recenti ricerche archeologiche in Italia e all'estero, questo volume ricostruisce il lungo processo di formazione urbana e di organizzazione del territorio dai primi insediamenti preromani alle grandi realizzazioni di Roma imperiale. Questa nuova edizione, profondamente rivisitata, conserva l'organizzazione della materia in due parti: nella prima Mario Torelli ripercorre le esperienze urbanistiche dell'Italia antica, in particolare nell'Etruria e nel Lazio, lo sviluppo urbano di Roma, regia e repubblicana, gli interventi nelle colonie romane. Nella seconda, Pierre Gros ricostruisce l'urbanistica di Roma, dell'Italia e delle province in età imperiale. La chiave interpretativa del volume è nella lettura della genesi, della forma e della qualità urbana come strettamente connesse all'evoluzione delle strutture economico-sociali.
• Extended BIM: a proposed workflow for the integration of the HBIM and EM approaches
• Murallas urbanas de época romana en Hispania (siglos I a.C.- V. d. C.)
  La investigación sobre murallas romanas en la península ibérica ha experimento un notable avance en las últimas décadas, que permite definir las características edilicias de dichas obras entre el periodo de Augusto y el final de la Romanidad. El análisis de los datos arqueológicos permite desechar la hipótesis que apuntaba una supuesta actuación general de amurallamiento en época de Augusto. Durante las últimas décadas, la excavación de los recintos de algunas ciudades hispanas, considerados tradicionalmente como del periodo augusteo, ha permitido retrotraer su erección al siglo I a. C. Son obras con rasgos tipológicos y constructivos diferentes a las del periodo republicano anterior, pero también a los de los conjuntos augusteos, en los que se impone el empleo de opus caementicium para el núcleo de la muralla. La actividad constructiva se prolonga hasta mediados del siglo I d. C., e incluso hasta época flavia.A partir del último tercio del siglo III d. C., Hispania se vio inmersa en un nuevo proceso de refortificación. En las nuevas murallas urbanas se aplican las novedades más avanzadas en diseños defensivos de origen militar: torres ultrasemicirculares o cuadradas proyectadas fuera de la línea de la muralla, lienzos de 4 a 7 m de anchura para facilitar la movilidad de los defensores y el empleo de artillería, además de una mayor altura de las cortinas murarias (10-12 m) y un acortamiento de distancias entre las torres. El aspecto de las nuevas obras será completamente diferente a las de época anterior. A comienzos del siglo V parece tener lugar un segundo momento de actuación, restringido en este caso a algunas ciudades. Palabras clave: murallas romanas; Augusto; Tetrarquía.Topónimos: Hispania.Periodo: época altoimperial; época bajoimperial. ABSTRACTResearch on Roman walls in the Iberian Peninsula has witnessed significant advances in recent decades, making it possible to define the building characteristics of these works between the period of Augustus and the end of Roman times. Analysis of archaeological data rules out the hypothesis that pointed to a generalised phenomenon of wall erection in the time of Augustus. During recent decades, the archaeological examination of the walls of some Hispanic cities, traditionally considered to be from the Augustan period, has made it possible to trace their construction back to the 1st century BC. These are works with typological and constructive patterns different from those of the previous republican period, but also from those of the Augustan ensembles, in which the use of opus caementicium prevails in the nucleus of the wall. Construction continued until the middle of the 1st century AD, and even until Flavian times.From the last third of the 3rd century AD onwards, Hispania underwent a new process of urban refortification. In the new urban walls, the most advanced innovations in defensive designs of military origin were applied: ultra-semicircular or square towers projected beyond the line of the wall; the width of wall-walks was increased to 4-7 metres to facilitate the mobility of the defenders and the use of artillery; the height of wall curtains was increased to 10-12 metres; distances between towers were reduced.  These new works were completely different in appearance from those of the previous era. At the beginning of the 5th century, a second phase of wall building seems to have taken place, restricted in this case to a number of cities. Keywords: Roman Walls; Augustus; Tetrarchy.Place names: Hispania.Period: Early Empire Period; Late Roman Period. REFERENCIASAbad Casal, L. (1996), “La epigrafía del Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete) y un nuevo municipio romano del conventus Carthaginensis”, Archivo Español de Arqueología, 69, pp. 77-108.Abad Casal, L., Gutiérrez Lloret, S. y Gamo Parras, B. (2004), “El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete” en Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Castilla-La Mancha 1996-2002, Toledo, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, pp. 145-162.Abascal, J. M. (2002), “La fecha de la promoción colonial de Carthago Noua y sus repercusiones edilicias”, Mastia, 1, pp. 21-44.Abascal, J. M. y Cebrián Fernández, R. (2007), “las murallas romanas de Segobriga”, en A. Rodríguez Colmenero e I. Rodá (eds.), Murallas de Ciudades Romanas en el Occidente del Imperio. 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(1960), “La defensa de Hispania en el Bajo Imperio”, Zephyrus, XI, 179-197.—        (1961), Las murallas romanas de Barcelona, Anejos Archivo Español de Arqueología II, Madrid, CSIC.Bayard, D. (2019), “La chronologie des enceintes urbanines de l’Antiquité tardive dans le diocese des Gaules: état de la question”, en D. Bayard y J.-P. Fourdrin (eds.), Villes et fortifications de l’Antiquité tardive dans le nord de la Gaule, Revue du Nord, hors derie, Collection Art et Archéologie 26, Lille, pp. 213-238.Beltrán Fortes, J. (2008), “La arqueología cesariana de la provincia Hispania Ulterior”, en M. P. García-Bellido, A. Mostalac y A. Jiménez (eds.), Del Imperium de Pompeyo a la auctoritas de Augusto. Homenaje a Michael Grant, Anejos Archivo Español de Arqueología XLVII, Madrid, CSIC, pp. 67-83.Bernal, D., Arévalo, A., Muñoz Vicente, A., García Giménez, I., Bustamante, M. y Sáez, A. (2011), “Baelo Claudia”, en J. A. Remolà y J. Acero (eds.), La gestión de los residuos urbanos en Hispania, Anejos de Archivo Español de Arqueología LX, Mérida, CSIC, pp. 65-92.Bernal, D., Cantillo, J. J., Arévalo, A. y Muñoz Vicente, A. (2014), “Ostras y vino en la ciudad hispanorromana de Baelo Claudia”, Archaeofauna, 23, pp. 89-103.Blázquez, J. M. (2002), “La Puerta de Cádiz de la muralla de Baelo Claudia (Bolonia, Cádiz)”, en C. González Román y A. Padilla (eds.), Estudios sobre las Ciudades de la Bética, Granada, Universidad de Granada, pp. 95-114.Brassous, L. (2011), “Les enceintes urbaines tardives de la péninsule Ibérique”, en R. Schatzmann y S. Martin-Kilcher (eds.), L’Empire romain en mutation. Répercussions sur les villes romaines dans la deuxième moitié du 3e siècle, Archéologie et Histoire Romaine 20, Montagnac, Monique Mergoil, pp. 275-299.Brulet, R. (2018), “Ad Intima Galliarum”, C. S. Sommer y S. Matesic (eds.), Limes XXIII. 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(2005), “Las murallas romanas de Toledo: nuevas aportaciones a la historia urbana de la ciudad”, en Espacios fortificados en la provincia de Toledo, Toledo, Diputación Provincial, pp. 69-86.Uroz Sáez, J., A. M. Poveda Navarro y J. C. Márquez Villora (2005), “La Puerta norte de Libis
• Inicios del Bronce Final en la cuenca media del Guadalquivir: El Llanete de los Moros (Montoro, Córdoba) - ProQuest
  Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform.
• La construcción romana: materiales y técnicas
• Archaeological stratigraphy as a formal language for virtual reconstruction. Theory and practice
  In recent years there has been a growing interest in 3D acquisition techniques in the field of cultural heritage, yet, at the same time, only a small percentage of case studies have been conducted on the virtual reconstruction of archaeological sites that are no longer in existence. Such reconstructions are, at times, considered “artistic” or “aesthetic” endeavors, as the complete list of sources used is not necessarily provided as a reference along with the 3D representation. One of the reasons for this is likely the lack of a shared language in which to store and communicate the steps in the reconstruction process. This paper proposes the use of a formal language with which to keep track of the entire virtual reconstruction process. The proposal is based on the stratigraphic reading approach and aims to create a common framework connecting archaeological documentation and virtual reconstruction in the earliest stages of the survey. To this end, some of the tools and standards used in archaeological research have been “extended” to taxonomically annotate both the validation of the hypothesis and the sources involved.
• A white-box framework to oversee archaeological virtual reconstructions in space and time: Methods and tools
  The goal of this paper is to present original methods and visual tools able to formally document the scientific processes behind an archaeological virtual reconstruction, namely a new version of the Extended Matrix (EM 1.1) and the Extended Matrix Framework (EMF 1.1). The proposed approach aims to improve the EM as well as methods and tools for 3D query, visualization, and inspection of extended matrices in order to solve current bottlenecks and issues with the integration of 3D virtual environments and rich semantic descriptions (EMF). A real case scenario is provided to present the steps involved in a reconstruction project using EM/EMF: the Great Temple of the ancient Roman town Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa.
• The Seville Principles. International Principles of Virtual Archaeology
• Documentation and Plausibility of Virtual Reconstructions Establishing a culture of documentation with IDOVIR
• Los más remotos orígenes de la ciudad de Montoro, antigua Epora
• Reflexiones en la práctica de la arqueología digital: la construcción y comunicación del patrimonio cultural virtual
  This paper develops reflections on how new digital technologies are evolving and being used as methodological tools in archaeological research. The registration and representation of archaeological materials and sites depend increasingly on these technologies to obtain the best information for knowledge, conservation and value-recognition purposes. In this context, virtual archaeology has provided a professional environment where interdisciplinary professionals converge to apply these tools for research. According to the definition of the Seville Principles, virtual archaeology aims to investigate and develop forms of application of technology-assisted visualization for the integral management of archaeological heritage. This discipline is still under construction due to a conjunction of approaches, objectives and limitations (Izeta & Cattáneo, 2018). These technologies include image-creation procedures. They construct a new product which is called virtual heritage. The generated image is understood as a representation, that is, as a product with two articulated dimensions. On the one hand, all virtual representations have the peculiar status of being in the place of something else (an object, a person, a concept); thus, all these representations are the presence of an absence of something. On the other hand, all representations show something: they exhibit their own presence or materiality as an image. This perspective allows us to notice each image's phenomenon or existing condition, insofar as it emphasizes that all representations are materialized thanks to digital solutions. In this sense, it is essential to know that these new laboratory-created images, both make their absent referents (objects in most cases) present, and constitute a new digital/virtual cultural phenomenon (Chartier, 1992). The authors consider that these new images are regarded as a new plausible record to be studied, preserved and communicated. This work is therefore an interdisciplinary space to think about the contribution of digital methods and techniques in the practice of the authors’ discipline; the documentation, analysis and virtual reconstruction of archaeological material, as well as the integral management of cultural heritage gain efficiency thanks to digital technologies. They also establish a space for reflection on their influence upon archaeological practice, in need of criteria to apply these technologies. The resulting product that can be used for science communication purposes. This proposal is based on the three goals of the ArqueoLab-UBA Project: cultural heritage research, conservation and communication. From the conservation point of view, the digitization and virtualization of archaeological materials protects non-renewable and fragile resources. Its importance lies in the quality of the information it provides, as by documenting and assisting in objects investigation and preservation, it can be used both to detect, measure and research deterioration over time and to predict patterns. Similarly, it also allows users to document restoration processes (Acevedo, Staropoli, Riera Soto, Soto, Herrera & Rossi, 2020; Jáidar Benavides, López Armenda, Rodríguez Vidal, Villaseñor & Fragoso Calderas, 2017). Thereby, when applying these technologies, the aim is to generate an appropriate product which can be made known to different publics, on the one hand;  on the other hand, it also focuses on sharing and communicating information in the academic-scientific field through open-access databases and digital repositories. Communication also makes it possible to turn the archaeological object into a virtual heritage product; its materialization in a new digital format includes all intelligible information linked, appropriated and transmissible to the non-academic community. These steps can be understood as a process of user needs identification and satisfaction; the resulting advantages are that archaeological heritage is publicized and valued, while facilitating access to cultural proposals (Acevedo et al. 2020;  Acevedo, Staropoli, Ávido & Vitores, 2021). Investigating, conserving and communicating cultural heritage are much more than tools for preserving information: they are means to guarantee a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to cultural heritage.
• Estudio histórico-arqueológico del cerro de Palomarejo (Montoro, Córdoba). Aproximación a su paleotopografía mediante la aplicación de la Arqueología Virtual.
  Estudio histórico-arqueológico del cerro de Palomarejo (Montoro, Córdoba). Aproximación a su paleotopografía mediante la aplicación de la Arqueología Virtual.
• Problemas sobre la protohistoria y romanización de la antigua ciudad de Epora (Montoro)
  El interés entre los estudiosos por el pasado romano y preromano de Montoro no es algo nuevo en el panorama de la investigación histórica andaluza, sino que se remonta a varios siglos atrás. Aunque en los últimos años han ido apareciendo algunos trabajos científicos, que aportan una visión renovada y bien sustentada documentalmente de la más remota historia montoreña, es de justicia iniciar esta síntesis sobre la antigua 'Epora' recordando, siquiera someramente, a algunos eruditos que en tiempos pasados dedicaron su atención y curiosidad a recopilar y considerar muchos de los testimonios materiales de lejanas épocas, que fueron surgiendo de forma dispersa y circunstancial en el solar que va a centrar nuestra atención a lo largo de estas líneas. Ya en el siglo XVI Juan Fernández Franco, adalid de la investigación arqueológica cordobesa, dirigió algunos de sus afanes hacia la antigua historia montoreña (1), inaugurando una tradición que eficazmente continuaría en el siglo XVIII Fernando José López de Cárdenas, conocido como el Cura de Montoro (2), quien estudió las fuentes clásicas, publicó algunas inscripciones romanas y corrigió la lectura de otras ya conocidas. Utilizó materiales anteriores, especialmente los aportados por Fernández Franco, de quien redactó una breve semblanza biográfica. También realizó algunas excavaciones, que le permitieron reunir una colección particular de objetos antiguos. Obra suya es, entre otras dedicadas a la Bética romana, la que lleva por título 'Memorias de la antigua 'Epora', hoy la Villa de Montoro'.
• Apuntes para la historia de la arqueología en Montoro. Una aproximación histórica (siglos XVI al XX)
• El Llanete de los Moros, Montoro, Córdoba - Ministerio de Cultura
  La escasez de trabajos arqueológicos en la cuenca media del Guadalquivir determinó, en su momento, el inicio de las excavaciones en el Llanete de los Moros; ...